The best salespeople are well versed in the art of buyer psychology. With some tried-and-true tactics, they can convince you to buy a new car when you only wanted an oil change—and that’s necessarily a good thing!
Scott Adams, serial entrepreneur and the creator of Dilbert said (not an exact quote—I’m paraphrasing): “Every psychological trap can be used to manipulate you. If you’re not familiar with it, you’re vulnerable to deception.”
Like in Harry Potter: You must understand the Dark Arts in order to defend against it (or use it).
Once you understand buyer psychology, you’ll be able to:
- React when it’s happening to you.
- Know what pushes consumers to take action.
- Apply it in your marketing campaigns.
Motivators That Push Our Hot Buttons
I can go into a whole spiel about Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic motivations . . . but we’re game designers, and this subset of psychology should be familiar already (You’ve added motivation hooks to your game, right? If not, study that now!).
To push these hot buttons, we’ll be focusing on extrinsic motivators that game companies use.
A Word of Warning: It’s Not About Manipulation and Charm
Convincing a hardcore FPS community that your indie game about raising ponies *might* work for them may garner a handful of sales, but once they snap out of your spell, you’ll be vulnerable to bad reviews/feedback.
Understanding buyer psychology is about making those who show interest take action. If a consumer is on the fence about which gym to go to, the gym that best speaks to the consumer (with the use of buyer psychology) will get the sale. Someone who has no interest won’t be convinced no matter how much you try—so don’t even bother.
The strategies below are for people who are on the fence to helping them find clarity and pushing them to take action.
1) How Timers Persuade Us
Free-to-play games tend to use timers as a gameplay mechanism. It’s very heavy-handed and falls into the skinner box manipulation territory. But let’s look at what timers are, and how they can be used in marketing.
Timers are a form of operant conditioning. In a nutshell: When [Action] happens; then [Results] will happen.
Timers tap into anticipation. Humans are internalizing the situation in their mind, which causes pressure and erupts externally in making a choice.
Examples of timers that take action:
- Using the time to signify a surprise: There are the heavy-handed countdown timers that promise something interesting. Less heavy-handed methods include emails/social media posts reminding that the clock is ticking. For the game Elder Scrolls Online, their team created a marketing campaign promoting the date of when their dev team will appear live on Twitch.tv. That event leads to a surprise: a new expansion.
- Counting down for a reward: Surprises work when there is already some investment to the product. If there’s no investment, show the prize first. At a conference, a table was giving out a prize every 30 minutes. Like clockwork, a crowd would appear at those 30-minute intervals.
- Counting down to the end of an event: During sales and holidays, games may include an additional timer signifying how long the event will last.
2) How Pre-orders Persuade Us
There’s a current movement to avoid pre-ordering because of buggy releases and over-promising. But pre-orders will never die as long as they’re still using these two key psychological functions.
Pre-orders tap into scarcity, and while physical copy production limitations are more or less a thing of the past. A game can only have one pre-order cycle. Good games provide pre-order bonuses to apply that scarcity pressure and reward early buyers with unique items.
If you pre-ordered Doom (2016), you would receive an exclusive Demon-themed armor for multiplayer.
There are no other methods for obtaining that armor. If you saw a player with that armor, you’d immediately know that they had pre-ordered.
3) How the Fear of Missing Out Persuades Us
The Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) happens when the user is surrounded by so much content marketing that they fear that they are missing out on something huge.
Examples:
- Using FOMO with content marketing: In the 1930s, movie studios discovered that it takes an average of seven pieces of promotional material to compel someone to see their films. With social media, these “touches” can be Facebook ads, trailer videos, or even forum posts and user-generated gifs.
- Using FOMO with pre-launching: There’s a magical feeling of discovery with a new release. For a short period, the whole community rallies together to learn new strategies and game features. Many gamers pay up front for that unique emotional experience because that sensation will be impossible to create again.
- Using FOMO with communities: Imagine if a player went to a forum with no interaction. They’ll assume the game is dead, and any investment of time be of waste. On the flip side: a community that has been active for years has a long tail; and players can see a benefit to participating.
When I work with clients, we “prime the pump” by getting the entire team to spend time creating posts, replying, and generating a discussion. It’s not unheard of to create a month’s worth of “forum content” ahead of time.
- Using FOMO with social proof:
The sight of others doing it brings attention. The attention attracted triggers a psychological response to take action and decide. Long lines at an event make people question, “Is this line worth it?” and, “Am I missing out?”
4) How Labeling Persuades Us
Marketing frequently creates two sides: Pepsi vs. Coke. The PS4 vs. Xbox One vs. PC. The Steam developer vs. mobile developer. Essentially it’s you against “the other guys.”
Not every label involves competition or rivalry. Being a “dungeon-crawling indie gamer” doesn’t make you an enemy to sports games.
What your fans identify themselves as plays a part in what actions they will take (which is why developing a marketing story is so powerful).
Crafting marketing messages around these labels is one of the easiest and most powerful psychological triggers because it taps into multiple psychological elements of a human’s innate need to belong and what to do next.
Examples of labels:
- Labelling for an event: There’s a subset of gamers who take pride in being the first and will pre-order games to play on Day 1. There’s a subset of gamers who will happily beta-test your game because they want to be part of an exclusive club. There’s a subset of gamers who will buy your game just because they’re super-fans of a particular genre.
- Labelling your fan-base: Buying Uncharted 4 meant you were part of the PS4 crowd who get to experience something only PS4 users will get to experience—a console exclusive.
- Labelling an internal philosophy: A gamer who goes to gaming conventions sees themselves as someone who is deeply knowledgeable about video games and is at the forefront of video games. They won’t blink at spending $1200 on a gaming chair.
Selling Water to a Fish
Don’t take these strategies and try to convince a nudist to buy underwear. Understanding these triggers will give you the tools to craft marketing campaigns to PUSH the right people to the right actions.
What real-world examples have you experienced? Share in the comments!